Stars are classified using the Morgan–Keenan (MK) system, which categorizes stars based on their spectral characteristics, including temperature and surface gravity. This system organizes stars into seven main types: O, B, A, F, G, K, and M, with O being the hottest and M the coolest. Within each type, there are further subdivisions denoted by a numerical scale from 0 to 9, with 0 being the hottest within the type. This classification helps astronomers understand the evolutionary stage and physical properties of stars.